This project develops
a four-legged walking robot used to
explore a remote location by sensing the environmental parameters like
humidity, atmospheric pressure, light intensity, and ambient temperature
processes it and transmits the collected
data to the control station using wireless
means. The robot can also detect the
object/obstacles in its path by verifying the output from the IR (Infra Red
Sensors). Since the robot is of six legs it possess grip on all types of surfaces
whether hilly area or smooth surface. So this project is helpful for the military/ space expedition etc to
verify the atmospheric situations in a particular area without any human
intervention. This project consists of a microcontroller section and mechanical
section. The microcontroller section stores a program that controls the
movements of the robot, atmospheric parameter sensing and object/obstacle detection.
The mechanical section consists of servo motors for the movements of robot.
A robot is a mechanical device, a manipulator designed to perform
many different tasks and capable of repeated, variable programming. To perform
its assigned tasks, the robot moves parts, objects, tools, and special devices
by means of programmed motions and points. The
science and technology that deals with study of robots, their design, manufacture, and application is known as Robotics. Although the appearance
and capabilities of robots vary vastly, all robots share the features of a
mechanical, movable structure under some form of autonomous control. The
control of a robot involves three distinct phases - perception, processing and
action.
The robot holds a mechanical structure that consisting servo motors for the movements
of robot, and an electronic circuitry
which acts as the CPU/ head (Intelligence)
of the robot. A microcontroller acts
as a Central Processing Unit, which
stores an algorithm that controls the
movements of the robot, ambient parameter sensing and object/obstacle
detection. The
monitoring sections are occupied with a wireless
CAM and specialized sensors. Wireless
CAM, which continuously monitors
/captures the videos of the
surroundings that covered by four-Legged Robot. The robot is fixed with various sensors
that monitor atmospheric temperature,
light intensity, relative humidity and pressure. The
object is detected using IR Sensor module
which comprise of an IR transmitter and
receiver section. If the distance to the object from robot is found less
than the predefined value, the Sensor produces control signals to the CPU that
changes the motion algorithm that matches to the situation and changes the path
of the robot. The
raw analog outputs from sensors after filtering and signal processing are directed
to the ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) module. The digital output of the ADC
further processing is given to the USART
(Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver
Transmitter) module for communication purpose. The results are automatically
archived on each time interval. After the purpose full level conversion process
these parameters are sent to the remote monitoring
station at definite intervals using Zigbee
based Wireless Communication Network. So the man in concern can view the area that
covered by the robot along with the real time parameters of that particular
place. Since the communication used is of both to and fro, the man can also
control its motion to follow a particular direction/ object from the remote location.
ZigBee
is a wireless
technology developed as an open global standard to address the unique needs of
low-cost, low-power, wireless sensor networks. The standard takes full
advantage of the IEEE 802.15.4 physical radio specification and operates in
unlicensed bands worldwide at the following frequencies: 2.400–2.484 GHz,
902-928 MHz and 868.0–868.6 MHz. The 802.15.4 specification was developed at
the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
(IEEE). The specification is a packet-based radio protocol that meets the needs
of low-cost, battery-operated devices. The protocol allows devices to intercommunicate
and be powered by batteries that last years instead of hours.
The ZigBee protocol was engineered by the ZigBee
Alliance, a non-profit consortium of leading semiconductor manufacturers,
technology providers, OEMs and end-users worldwide. The protocol was designed
to provide OEMs and integrators with an easy-to-use wireless data solution
characterized by low-power consumption, support for multiple network structures
and secure connections.
If the system is enhanced with a digital camera,
the image of the surroundings can be stored/ sent by the robot. Thus this
project can be used in space exploration where the robot functions without
human interference. The environmental parameters can be sensed by the control
station using the wireless receiver module.
Hence this robot resembles rovers (robotic exploration vehicles), the
robot that made a series of missions to Mars.
The control station PC interfaced with a wireless communication module, which interprets the incoming data from the microcontroller transmitted via ZIGBEE, and displays the needed data in corresponding pages. For this purpose
here we develop application software
using Visual Basic- a user friendly
design language, to achieve PC and
embedded system interfacing. We can also go for HTML/ VB.NET/ASP.NET as per
the requirement.
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