Epilepsy is
a general term used for a group of disorders that cause disturbances in
electrical signaling in the brain. Like an office building or a computer, the brain
is a highly complex electrical system, powered by roughly 80 pulses
of energy per second. These pulses move back and forth between nerve
cells to produce thoughts, feelings, and memories. An epileptic seizure
occurs when these energy pulses come much more rapidly-as many as 500
per second for a short time-due to an electrical abnormality in the
brain. This brief electrical surge can happen in just a small area of the
brain, or it can affect the whole brain. Epilepsy affects about 50 million
people worldwide, and while anticonvulsant medications can reduce the
frequency of seizures, the drugs are ineffective for as many as one in
three patients. The proposed project develops
a device that can be fitted on the body of an epileptic patient. The
system tracks the patient using satellites and also gives
warnings about epilepsy much before its occurrence.
The project consists of a microcontroller
based embedded system connected to EEG sensors and a satellite
tracking module. The user has the option of fixing the threshold
values. This data is compared with the threshold level. If the read
value is above or below the threshold values, the system automatically
sends notification messages to the doctor/hospital/relative. The panic
button can be pressed by the user if any illness is felt. The system also activates an alarm that
informs the nearby people about the illness. Another important
feature is the position data transfer. This system can also
transfers the location data from the satellite to the
hospital/relative using GSM. Based
on the position data the location of the patient can be indicated in an earth
map like Google Maps.
Electroencephalography
(EEG) is the recording of electrical
activity along the scalp produced by the firing of neurons within
the brain. In
clinical contexts, EEG refers to the recording of the brain's spontaneous
electrical activity over a short period of time, usually 20–40 minutes, as
recorded from multiple electrodes placed on the scalp. In neurology,
the main diagnostic
application of EEG is in the case of
epilepsy,
as epileptic activity can create clear abnormalities on a standard EEG study. A
secondary clinical use of EEG is in the diagnosis of coma, encephalopathies,
and brain
death. EEG used to be a first-line method for the diagnosis of tumors, stroke and other
focal brain disorders.
The world’s communication market is
witnessing a tremendous growth in the field of mobile communication and became
the focus for the economic and industrial development of the society.
Currently, while the telecommunications industries are deploying Third
Generation (3G) systems worldwide, emerging nations postulate enabling
technologies like implementation of position data transfer services. Position
data transfer involves two steps. The first step is to determine the
location of the User and the second step is to send the location information.
Many technologies currently exist for locating the MU such as GPS based
technologies. GPS has greater potential because of its accuracy and
seamless navigation. Similarly, GSM technology is an extremely successful digital
wireless cellular evolution and an exceptional story of global achievement.
This project merges these two technologies in a very efficient way.
The GSM Terminal
is an industrial GSM Modem for the transfer of data, SMS and faxes in the GSM
networks. Industrial standard interface and an integrated SIM card mean it can
be used rapidly, easily and universally as a dual band GSM Terminal. Its performance
bandwidth and the robust housing make it easier to quickly implement new applications
in areas such as telemetry, telematics and remote control.
Epilepsy is a very fatal condition
which is caused as a result of imbalance in the nervous system. The very common
symptoms of epilepsy includes sudden fluctuations in heart beat rate and
involuntary muscular movements (seizures). The aura (practical symptom) of
epilepsy includes fluctuations in heartbeat, nausea, dizziness etc.
The application software in the PC allows the doctor/hospital
authorities to view the patient details and location. The PC side software can
be developed using VB/HTML/.NET.
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